Street network patterns for mitigating urban heat islands in arid climates

This study explores the impact of street pattern measurements on urban heat islands (UHI) in arid climate Mashhad, Iran. The Landsat-8 top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) brightness images from 2013 to 2021, average values normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and land surface temperature (LST) were calculated. Street measurements, including closeness-centrality, straightness, orientation, employed analyse patterns each district. results indicated that districts with higher straightness lower closeness-centrality exhibit cooler temperatures. Strong correlations observed between LST NDVI, local closeness-centrality. research highlighted importance considering network long-term planning design mitigate UHI effect regions. A moderate grid a reasonable distribution green spaces throughout region is suggested reduce temperatures sustainably. indexes, such as are identified significant factors UHI. These findings have implications for planners, who can use this information create effects by reducing increasing straightness.